Description
Ultralow-temperature refrigeration is defined here as refrigeration in the temperature range of -58 to -148°F (-50 to -100°C).What is considered low temperature for an application depends on the temperature range for that specific application. Low temperatures for air conditioning are around 32°F (0°C); for industrial refrigeration, -31 to -58°F (-35to -50°C); and for cryogenics, approaching 0°R (0 K). Applications such as freeze-drying, as well as the pharmaceutical, chemical, and petroleum industries, use refrigeration in the low-temperature range as designated in this chapter. The refrigeration cycles presented in this chapter may be used in both standard packaged and custom-designed systems. Cascade systems are emphasized, both autocascade (typical of packaged units) and two-refrigerant cascade (found in custom-engineered low-temperature systems).
Autocascade Systems
Custom-Designed and Field-Erected Systems
Single-Refrigerant Systems
Cascade Systems
Low-Temperature Materials
Insulation
Heat Transfer
Secondary Coolants
ISBN: 978-1-936504-71-8 (for I-P versions of chapters)
ISSN: 1930-7217 (for I-P versions of chapters)
Citation: 2014 ASHRAE Handbook — Refrigeration: Chapter 48, Ultralow-Temperature Refrigeration (I-P)
Product Details
- Published:
- 2014
- ISBN(s):
- 9781936504718
- Number of Pages:
- 11
- File Size:
- 1 file , 460 KB
- Product Code(s):
- D-R482014IP
